2009年7月14日 星期二

王陽明輪迴轉世, 我尚未找到可靠的歷史記載,有些記載仍然存疑.

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  王陽明輪迴轉世, 我尚未找到可靠的歷史記載,有些記載仍然存疑.
  [轉貼來源]  http://www.cll.ncnu.edu.tw/teachers/wu/wang/new_page_3.htm
  [轉貼]    王陽明的生平


         王陽明,名守仁,字伯安,浙江餘姚人。因晚年愛越城東南二


十里之會稽山陽明洞,築室以居,自號陽明子,學者乃稱陽明先生。


      陽明生於明憲宗成化八年〈公元一四七二〉九月三十日,


祖母岑夢神人衣緋玉雲中,鼓吹送兒授岑,岑驚醒,已經聞到


孩兒啼聲,故祖父竹軒公命名「雲」。相傳陽明的母親鄭氏懷


胎十四個月才生下他,但陽明五歲還不會說話。一天,與羣兒嬉戲,有一僧人經過,


曰:「好個孩兒,可惜道破」,竹軒公悟,便更今名,即能言。


             陽明幼年聰穎過人,他開始學說話時,一日忽然誦出祖父平日所讀過的書句,


家人驚訝並問之,答曰:


「聞祖讀時,已默記矣。」可見王陽明「過耳成誦」的能力之異於常人。


         陽明的一生,約可分為三個階段:一、二十八歲以前,是他憧憬聖學,追求做天


下第一等人第一等事的萌芽時期,他本著自己對社會,對政治上的熱血和執著,以及


憑著他那股自傲和自我擴張的理想,他堅持要做對國家及社會人民有所幫助的建樹。


思想上,這還是他的摸索階段。二、二十八歲舉進士以後到四十四歲,期中經過貶


謫至龍場,這是第二階段,這一階段陽明極端困厄,抑塞沉鬱,思想上,這則是印證


的時期,也是他事業和學說成功的開始。三、四十五歲到五十七歲病逝軍中,是他建


立事功和學術成熟時期,也是他講學立教的極盛時期。這是第三階段。


        十二歲時,陽明正式就學塾師;十三歲,母親鄭氏卒,幼年失怙,這對他來說是


一個很大的挫折。十五歲便與祖父出遊居庸關,那時已有經略四方之志。二十一歲參


加鄉試,中了之後赴京師,他遍求朱熹遺書以讀之,讀著讀著,便興起一個念頭:何


不實驗一下?於是他便真的「格」起竹子來,格了七天,道理沒領悟出來,反而生


了一場病。於是他從此轉為研究辭章之學。他的思想起了一次變遷。


        二十二歲時參加會試失敗,這是他第一次嘗到失敗的滋味,到了第二次會試依然


落榜,這對自信的他來說,無疑是一種挫敗,但他坦然面對,從此他的個性和向上之


心促成他偉大的成就和事功。


        二十六歲的他開始學習兵法。他對於政府只得射騎摶擊之士,而不能收韜略統馭


之才感到可惜,所以他開始留意武事,盡讀兵家的秘書。這對於日後他往綏靖南贛,


平定宸濠,以及敉平匪亂,有相當深遠的影響。 陽明二十八歲在京師舉進士,觀政


工部,這是他進入仕宦之途的開始。


      但自從他擔任官職開始,他的職務便都是低瑣的、小而繁瑣的工作。在這樣抑鬱


不得志的狀況下,他寄情於山水之中。三十五歲時,武宗新登基,大家都對新皇帝新


政績懷抱著新希望,但是劉瑾等宦官亂政,以狗馬鷹犬歌舞角觝以娛武宗,武宗便鎮


日沉迷於酒色,廢棄萬機,害得眾忠臣被奸臣所害,當然包括王陽明。王陽明因上疏


替戴銑求情,又痛陳劉瑾等罪行,這讓劉瑾非常生氣,於是想辦法將陽明貶至貴州龍


場,作龍場驛的驛臣。那是個蠻荒偏遠的地方,他憑著自己的意志力在那種蛇虺蚊


蚋,充滿瘴癘之氣的地方生存下來,並且他教育那兒的蠻人,開導他們,教他們架木


開棘以居。在這種環境下,陽明反而悟出了「心即理」之說,後來的致良知也是由此


發出。從種種蔽障陷溺中超脫以後,他的心境慢慢轉坦。三十八歲則在貴陽主講貴陽


書院,從這一年他才開始論知行合一之學。由是貴州學風大盛,至今若到貴州仍隨處


可見「陽明洞」、「陽明祠」。這三年的謫居,使他超脫了一切障礙,格物致知、知


行合一之論都是此時確立的。


       到了四十五歲,也就是正德十一年,王陽明便開始一路陞遷,替國家立下不少功


勞。第一,他巡撫南贛〈江西〉汀、漳〈今福建之長汀、龍溪〉等地〈四十五到四十


七歲〉,剿平了四省邊境多年擾民的頑寇:第二,他平定了叛藩宸壕之變〈四十八


歲〉,使東南半壁免於塗炭。第三,他征服思田〈廣西〉土酋〈五十六到五十七歲〉


、開拓南疆,綏靖了邊陲。


         他在這期間仍不停地上疏諫皇帝,以及請求返家,經過多次終於得到世宗的首


肯,在陽明五十歲到五十五歲這個六年家居的生活,他在家講學,這段時間市他思想


的成熟期,多方求學問的人也愈來愈多。而在五十六歲又再度奉政府之命到兩廣以及


江西、湖廣地區征討,而這次的征討,是因為政府在無計可施的狀況下又再度想起立


下許多汗馬功勞的王陽明。但這對他來說當然市一個艱鉅的擔子和任務,它卻成功地


征服了。嘉靖十一月二十九日〈西曆一五二八〉卒於回程的舟上。家人問遺言,曰:


「此心光明,亦復何言?」 嘉靖八年的正月,喪發南昌。二月,喪至越,到了十一


月十一日,葬於洪溪,這個偉大的思想家,軍事家,從此長眠!



http://www.cll.ncnu.edu.tw/teachers/wu/wang/new_page_5.htm
           王 陽 明 的 貶 謫 與 旅 遊


 


時間                                          地點                                            作品


                                                                              


憲宗成化十有八年壬寅            金山寺                                     〈蔽月山房〉:


先生十一歲                                                                               山近月遠覺月小


                                                                                                 便道此山大於月


                                                                                                 若人有眼大如天


                                                                                                 還見山小月更闊


                                                                               


憲宗成化二十有二年丙午           居庸三關                            卷甲歸來馬伏波


先生十五歲                                                                             早年兵法鬢毛皤


                                                                                                 雲埋銅柱雷轟折


                                                                                                 六字題文尚不磨


                                                                              


孝宗宏治十有四年辛酉               九華                                      遊九華賦


先生三十歲                              (奉命審錄江北,先


                                                    生錄囚,多所平反


                                                遂遊九華,作遊九


                                                華賦)


 


武宗正德二年丁卯                   武夷山古廟                             〈泛海詩〉


先生三十六歲


 


武宗正德二年丁卯                      沅湘水域                                〈吊屈原賦〉 


先生三十六歲


                                                                         


武宗正德二年丁卯                       舟山                                      險夷原不滯胸中


先生三十六歲                           (夏赴謫至錢塘,遊                   何異浮雲過太空


                                                          舟山)                                   夜靜海濤三萬里


                                                                                                月明飛錫下天風


                                                                                


武宗正德三年戊辰                    貴州龍場                                 大道即人心


先生三十七歲                        (春至龍場,始悟格                          萬古未嘗改


                                                    物致知)                                 長生在求仁


                                                                                                           金丹非外傳


                                                                                                           謬點三十年


                                                                                                於今吾始悔


 


                                                                                                         〈採薇〉


 


附註:這年他悟道,他在此地伐木構屋,名其居「何陋軒」,亭曰「君子亭」,其堂為「龍岡書院」。


 


武宗正德五年庚午                     江西盧陵                               〈遊瑞華詩〉


先生三十九歲


                                                                         


武宗正德八年癸酉                 上虞,四明,白水,       


先生四十二歲                            龍豁/谿,杖錫,


                                                 雪竇/賓,千丈


                                                巖/岩,天姥華頂


                                                     (從上虞入四明,


                                                     觀白水,尋龍


                                                     豁/谿之源,登


                                               杖錫,至雪竇/賓,


                                                    上千丈巖/岩,


                                                    以望天姥華頂)


  越地的四明                              〈四明觀白水〉


安徽滁州【滁縣】                    〈山中示諸生〉【遊琅琊山】


武宗正德八年癸酉                    滁州,瑯琊瀼泉,                        孟源問,靜坐中思慮


先生四十二歲                              龍潭                                               紛雜,不能強禁絕


                                                      (冬十月,至滁州,                             先生曰,紛雜思慮,亦


                                                       與門人遨遊瑯琊                           強禁絕不得,只就思


                                                      瀼泉間,月夕則                               慮萌動處省察克治,


                                                     環龍潭而坐者數                            到天理精明後,有箇


                                                      百人,聲振山谷)                              物各付物的意思,自


                                                                                                                然精專無紛雜之念,


                                                                                                    大學所謂知止而後有定也


武宗正德十有一年丙子                  上杭                                          〈喜雨〉


先生四十五


 武宗正德十有六年辛巳                  瑞雲樓                                           不詳


先生五十歲                              (九月先生歸省祖


                                                  塋,訪瑞雲樓)


                                                   白鹿洞                          講學【致良知】                                                                             


嘉靖六年丁亥                                渡"錢塘"


先生五十六歲                            吳山月巖嚴灘                              憶昔過釣臺


                                                     (先生遊吳山月巖                         驅馳正軍旅


                                                     嚴灘俱有詩"過                             十年今始來


                                                           釣臺")                                       復以兵戈起         


                                                                                                              空山煙霧深


                                                                                                              往跡如夢裡


                                                                                                              微雨林徑滑


                                                                                                              肺病雙足胝


                                                                                                              仰瞻臺上雲


                                                                                                              俯濯臺下水


                                                                                                              人生何碌碌


                                                                                                              高尚乃如此


                                                                                                              瘡痍念同胞


                                                                                                              至人匪為己


                                                                                                              過門不遑入


                                                                                                              憂勞豈得已


                                                                                                              滔滔良自傷


                                                                                                              果哉末難已


                                                                              


                                                         過"常山"                                    長生徒有慕


                                                                                                             苦乏大藥資


                                                                                                             名山遍深歷


                                                                                                             悠悠鬢生絲


                                                                                                            微軀一繫念


                                                                                                   去道日遠而


                                                                                                   中歲忽有覺


                                                                                                   九還乃在茲


                                                                                                  非爐亦非鼎


                                                                                                   何坎復何離


                                                                                                   本無終始究


                                                                                                   寧有死生期


                                                                                                   彼哉遊方士


                                                                                                   詭辭反增疑


                                                                                                   紛然諸老翁


                                                                                                   自傳困多歧


                                                                                                   乾坤由我在


                                                                                                   安用他求為


                                                                                                   千聖皆過影


                                                                                                   良知乃吾師


                                                                              


                                                            吉安螺川驛                       先生立談不倦曰,


                                                           (諸生彭簪,王釗,                  堯舜生知安行的聖人,


                                                      劉陽,歐陽瑜等,                  猶兢兢業業用困勉的


                                                      偕舊遊三百餘人                工夫,吾儕以困勉的


                                                      迎入螺川驛中)                    資質,而悠悠蕩蕩,坐


                                                                                              享生知安行的成功,豈


                                                                                              不誤己誤人,又曰,良知


                                                                                              之妙,真是周流六虛,


                                                                                               變通不居,若假以文


                                                                                                過飾非,為害大矣,臨


                                                           &

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